Oklahoma State University researchers conducted field studies to measure both nutrient and pesticide runoff from plots receiving both sprinkler irrigation and simulated rainfall. Among the findings: pesticide and nutrient losses from simulated rainfall did not differ from runoff losses caused by sprinkler irrigation.
Here is the literature cited for this study:
1. ASAE. 1993. Procedure for sprinkler distribution testing for research purposes. ANSI/ASAE S330.1 SEP 91, St. Joseph, Mo. (TGIF Record 26007)
2. Bell, G. E,. and K. Koh. 2009. Natural rainfall runoff from a Bermudagrass golf course fairway. USGA Turfgrass Environ. Res. Online 8(20):1-11. (TGIF Record 156471)8
3. Brady, N. C. 1990. The nature and properties of soils. 10th ed. Macmillan, New York, N.Y.
4. Burton, Jr., G. A. and R. E. Pitt. 2002. Stormwater effects handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. (TGIF Record 154995)
5. Carroll, M. J., D. Funk, M. Katsuleres, G. E. Bell and M. A. Kizer. 2006. Adaptation of a mesoscale rainfall simulator for turfgrass runoff investigations. Agronomy Abstracts ASA-CSSASSSA, Madison, Wis. (TGIF Record 119412)
6. Cohen, S., A. Svrjcek, T. Druborow, and N.L. Barnes. 1999. Water quality impacts by golf
courses. J. Environ. Qual. 28:798-809. (TGIF Record 59340)
7. Cole, J. T., J. H. Baird, N. T. Basta, R. L. Huhnke, D. E. Storm, G. V. Johnson, M. E. Payton, M. D. Smolen, D. L. Martin, and J. C. Cole. 1997. Influence of buffers on pesticide and nutrient runoff from Bermudagrass turf. J. Environ. Qual. 26:1589-1598. (TGIF Record 41754)
8. Coody, P. N., and L. J. Lawrence. 1994. Method and system for conducting meso-scale rainfall simulations and collecting runoff. U.S. Patent 5,279,151. Date issued: 18 January.
9. Daniel, T. C., A. N. Sharpley, and J. L. Lemunyon. 1998. Agricultural phosphorus and
eutrophication: a symposium overview. J. Environ. Qual. 27:251-257. (TGIF Record 42385)
10. Easton, Z. M., A. M. Petrovic, D. J. Lisk, and I. M. Larsson-Kovach. 2005. Hillslope position effect on nutrient and pesticide runoff from turfgrass. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 10:121-129. (TGIF Record 105340)
11. Gaudreau, J. E., D. M. Vietor, R. H. White, T. L. Provin, and C. L. Munster. 2002. Response of turf and quality of water runoff to manure and fertilizer. J. Environ. Qual. 31:1316-1322. (TGIF Record 81400)
12. Gross, C. M., J. S. Angle, and M. S. Welterlen. 1990. Nutrient and sediment losses from turfgrass.
J. Environ. Qual. 19:663-668. (TGIF Record 19952)
13. Gross, C. M., J. S. Angle, R. L. Hill, and M. S. Welterlen. 1991. Runoff and sediment losses from tall fescue under simulated rainfall. J. Environ. Qual. 20:604-607. (TGIF Record 21436)
14. Harrison, S. A., T. L. Watschke, R. O. Mumma, A. R. Jarrett, and G. W. Hamilton, Jr.n1993. Nutrient and pesticide concentrations in water from chemically treated turfgrass. Pages 191-207. In K. D. Racke and A. R. Leslie (eds.) Pesticides in Urban Environments: Fate and Significance. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. (TGIF Record 37711)
15. Kauffman, III, G. L., and T .L. Watschke. 2007. Phosphorus and sediment in runoff after core cultivation of creeping bentgrass and perennial ryegrass turfs. Agron. J. 99:141-147. (TGIF Record 120201)
16. Krenitsky, E. C., M. J. Carroll, R. L. Hill, and J. M. Krouse. 1998. Runoff and sediment losses
from natural and man-made erosion control materials. Crop Sci. 38:1042-1046. (TGIF Record 53248)
17. Linde, D. T., and T. L. Watschke. 1997. Nutrients and sediment in runoff from creeping bentgrass and perennial ryegrass turfs. J. Environ. Qual. 26:1248-1254. (TGIF Record 56505)
18. Ma, Q. L., A. E. Smith, J. E. Hook, R. E. Smith, and D.C. Bridges. 1999. Water runoff and pesticide transport from a golf course fairway: observations vs. OPUS model simulations. J. Environ. Qual. 28:1463-1473. (TGIF Record 62234)
19. Moss, J. Q., G. E. Bell, M. A. Kizer, M. E. Payton, H. L. Zhang, and D. L. Martin. 2005. Reducing nutrient runoff from golf course fairways using grass buffer strips of multiple heights. 9 Crop Science 46:72–80. (TGIF Record 109501)
20. Murphy, J., and J. P. Riley. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of
phosphate in natural waters. Anal. Chem. Acta 27:31-36.
21. Raturi, S., M. J. Carroll, and R. L. Hill. 2003. Turfgrass thatch effects on pesticide leaching: a laboratory and modeling study. J. Environ. Qual. 32:215-223. (TGIF Record 84950)
22. Rosen, C. J., and B. P. Horgan. 2005. Regulation of phosphorus fertilizer application to turf in Minnesota: historical perspective and opportunities for research and education. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 10:130-135. (TGIF Record 105341)
23. Sharpley, A., B. Foy, and P. Withers. 2000. Practical and innovative measures for the control of agricultural phosphorus losses to water: an overview. J. Environ. Qual. 29:1-9. (TGIF Record 104261)
24. Smith, A.E. 1997. Potential pesticide and nitrate transport in surface water from turfgrass in the southeastern United States. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 8:197-204. (TGIF Record 55871)
25. Smith, A. E., and D.C. Bridges. 1996. Movement of certain herbicides following application to simulated golf course greens and fairways. Crop Sci. 36:1439-1445. (TGIF Record 39465)
26. USDA-NRCS. 1997. National handbook of conservation practices. USDA-NRCS, Washington, DC.
27. USEPA. 1976. Quality criteria for water. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
28. Wauchope, R. D., R. G. Williams, and R. M. Luz. 1990. Runoff of sulfometuron-methyl and cyanazine from small plots: effects of formulation and grass cover. J. Environ. Qual. 19:119-125. (TGIF Record 16977)
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